在没有遇到危险之前自己没有认真的过神秘岛这本书，在遇到危险之后的一段时间也没有认真，只是偶尔的一天对神秘岛这本书上的内容有了兴趣。
此时工程师的一声喊喊叫使他们匆匆的赶过去，他们即刻跑到了他那里，并开始闻到一股刺鼻的气味弥漫于空气中。
when a shout from the engineer made them hasten forward. they soon joined him， and were at once struck with a disagreeable odor which impregnated the atmosphere.
“这个火，”他说道，“或者确切的说，这是股烟，是自然界的产物。这里有一处硫磺泉，它对治疗我们的喉炎有良好的疗效。”
“this fire，“ said he，“or rather， this smoke is produced by nature alone. there is a sulphur spring there， which will cure all our sore throats.“
在那儿，他们看见一股含硫磺泉水从岩石之间大量涌出来，泉水吸收了空气中的氧气以后，正散发出一股强烈的硫酸气味。
they there saw a sulphur spring which flowed abundantly between the rocks， and its waters discharged a strong sulphuric acid odor， after having absorbed the oxygen of the air.
砖坯通常是要用模子压出来的，可是工程师只好用手来做。这件工作一共做了整整两天，工人们把陶土浸在水里，手脚并用，把陶土调和好。然后把它们分成一样大小的一块一块。一个熟练的工人不用机器，十二个钟头可以做一万块左右，可是林肯岛上的这五个制砖工人，两天所做的还不到三千块。他们把制成的砖坯一块挨一块地排在一起，等过三四天完全烧干，就可以用来砌炉子了。
generally bricks are formed in molds， but the engineer contented himself with making them by hand. all that day and the day following were employed in this work. the cy， soaked in water， was mixed by the feet and hands of the maniputors， and then divided into pieces of equal size. a practiced workman can make， without a machine， about ten thousand bricks in twelve hours; but in their two days work the five brickmakers on lincoln isnd had not made more than three thousand， which were ranged near each other， until the time when their complete desiccation would permit them to be used in building the oven， that is to say， in three or four days.
4月6日，天刚破晓的时候，工程师和他的伙伴们就在林间空地上集合，打算在这里烧砖。这种工作通常不是在窑里而是在露天的地方进行的，凝结的砖坯砌成一个大窑，然后再用这个窑来烧砖坯本身。他们把捆好的木柴放在地上，把已经干了的砖坯成排地围在燃料外面，很快就围成一个立方形，在立方形的最外一层，又开了几个通气孔。这项工作整整进行了一天，直到傍晚，他们才开始在柴捆上点火。当天晚上大家都没有睡觉，全体都小心地照顾柴火，不使它熄灭。
on the 6th of april， at daybreak， the engineer and his companions were collected in the gde， at the pce where they were going to perform the operation of baking the bricks. naturally this had to be in the open air， and not in a kiln， or rather， the agglomeration of bricks made an enormous kiln， which would bake itself. the fuel， made of well-prepared fagots， was id on the ground and surrounded with several rows of dried bricks， which soon formed an enormous cube， to the exterior of which they contrived air- holes. the work sted all day， and it was not till the evening that they set fire to the fagots. no one slept that night， all watching carefully to keep up the fire.
烧砖工作继续了四十八小时，结果完全成功。接着还需要等热气腾腾的半成品冷却下来，在这期间，纳布和潘克洛夫由赛勒斯?哈顿带领着到湖的北边去，把那里的石灰石和普通的石头用一个树枝编成的筐子装了一大批回来。经过加热，它们就分解成一种浓度很强的生石灰，经过沸化，生石灰的体积大大膨胀了。它们的质地非常纯粹，至少和白垩或碳酸钙烧成的一样。把石灰和细沙搅拌在一起，就成了上等的灰泥。
the operation sted forty-eight hours， and succeeded perfectly. it then became necessary to leave the smoking mass to cool， and during this time neb and pencroft， guided by cyrus harding， brought， on a hurdle made of interced branches， loads of carbonate of lime and common stones， which were very abundant， to the north of the ke. these stones， when decomposed by heat， made a very strong quicklime， greatly increased by scking， at least as pure as if it had been produced by the calcination of chalk or marble. mixed with sand the lime made excellent mortar.
这期间，居民们首先制造出一只烹调用的陶土罐。主要原料是陶土，哈顿在里面加了一些石灰和石英混合起来就成了正式的“管土”。他们拿适当形状的石头作模子，用陶土做成饭碗、茶杯，另外又做了一些盛水的大壶等等。
in the meantime what the settlers first manufactured was a common pottery in which to cook their food. the chief material was cy， to which harding added a little lime and quartz. this paste made regur “pipe-cy，“ with which they manufactured bowls， cups molded on stones of a proper size， great jars and pots to hold water， etc.
初升的月亮照亮了南边的水平线，在天空的衬托下，这部分水平线显得十分清晰。这时候，南十字座出现在观察家的眼前了，十字架二倒置在星座的底部，也就是离南极较近的地方。这个星座离南极比北极星离北极远。十字架二大约在距南极27度的方位，赛勒斯?哈顿知道这一点，在计算的时候就把这个角度估计在内了。当十字架二经过正对着南极的子午线时，他也仔细地进行了观察，这样工作就简单了。
赛勒斯?哈顿把圆规的一只脚对着水平线，另一只脚对着十字架二，两只规脚之间的距离，就形成了十字架二和水平线之间的角距。为了把所得的这个角度固定下来，他用刺针把一根木条横钉在圆规的两只脚上，这样就可以把它们之间的角度适当地保留下来。
做完了这一步工作，下一步只要计算一下角度就行了。但是首先要把水平线的俯角考虑在内，因此必须再到海平面上去进行观察，量一下峭壁的高度。有了上述的角度就可以求出十字架二的高度，从这里也可以求出天极在水平线上的高度，也就是海岛的纬度，困为地球上任何一个地方的纬度都永远等于当地天极在水平线上的高度。
to the south the horizon， lighted by the first rays of the moon， was very clearly defined against the sky.
at this moment the southern cross presented itself to the observer in an inverted position， the star alpha marking its base， which is nearer to the southern pole.
this consteltion is not situated as near to the antarctic pole as the por star is to the arctic pole. the star alpha is about twenty-seven degrees from it， but cyrus harding knew this and made allowance for it in his calcution. he took care also to observe the moment when it passed the meridian below the pole， which would simplify the operation.
cyrus harding pointed one leg of the compasses to the horizon， the other to alpha， and the space between the two legs gave him the angur distance which separated alpha from the horizon. in order to fix the angle obtained， he fastened with thorns the two pieces of wood on a third pced transversely， so that their separation should be properly maintained.
that done， there was only the angle to calcute by bringing back the observation to the level of the sea， taking into consideration the depression of the horizon， which would necessitate measuring the height of the cliff. the value of this angle would give the height of alpha， and consequently that of the pole above the horizon， that is to say， the titude of the isnd， since the titude of a point of the globe is always equal to the height of the pole above the horizon of this point.
“你记得两个相似三角形应该具备的条件吗？”
“记得，”赫伯特答道，“它们的对应边成比例。”
“好，孩子，我刚做出两个相似的直角三角形，第一个比较小，它的三边是：那根垂直的木杆和从这根小棍子到木杆底部的距离，我的视线就是三角形的斜边，第二个三角形的三边是：垂直的峭壁——我们想测量的也就是它的高度——这根小棍子和峭壁底部之间的距离，和同样是由我的视线所形成的三角形斜边，这斜边也就是第一个三角形斜边的延长线。”
“啊，哈顿先生，我明白了！”赫伯特大声说。“小棍子和木杆之间的距离比小棍子和峭壁底部之间的距离，就等于木杆的高度比峭壁的高度。”
“you remember what are the properties of two simir triangles?“
“yes，“ replied herbert;“their homologous sides are proportional.“
“well， my boy， i have just constructed two simir right-angled triangles; the first， the smallest， has for its sides the perpendicur pole， the distance which separates the little stick from the foot of the pole and my visual ray for hypothenuse; the second has for its sides the perpendicur cliff， the height of which we wish to measure， the distance which separates the little stick from the bottom of the cliff， and my visual ray also forms its hypothenuse， which proves to be prolongation of that of the first triangle.“
“ah， captain， i understand!“ cried herbert.“as the distance from the stick to the pole is to the distance from the stick to the base of the cliff， so is the height of the pole to the height of the cliff.“
他们利用木杆量出了两段水平距离，木杆在沙滩上的高度是十英尺整。第一段距离是从小棍子到插木杆的地方，相距十五英尺。第二段距离是从小棍子到峭壁底部，相距五百英尺。
15:500＝10:x
500x10＝5000
600015＝333.3
由此得出，花岗石峭壁的高度是三百三十三英尺。
the two horizontal distances were found out by means of the pole， whose length above the sand was exactly ten feet.
the first distance was fifteen feet between the stick and the pce where the pole was thrust into the sand.
the second distance between the stick and the bottom of the cliff was five hundred feet. from which it was proved that the granite cliff measured 333 feet in height.
圆规两脚之间的距离就是十字架二和水平线之间的角距。他首先把一个圆周分成三百六十等分，然后非常精确地把圆规角度落在圆周上，得出的结果是10度。在这个角度上加上十字架二距离南极的27度，再减去观察的时候所在的峭壁上离海面高度的值，就得出一个37度的角来。南极与水平线之间相距90度，从90度里减去53度还剩下37度。因此，赛勒斯?哈顿测量的结论是：林肯岛在南纬37度线上。如果把计算时不精确的程度估计在内，假设误差有五度，那么海岛的位置一定在南纬35度与40度之间。
然后赛勒斯?哈顿就把前一天晚上做的仪器拿了出来，圆规两脚之间的距离就是十字架二和水平线之间的角距。他首先把一个圆周分成三百六十等分，然后非常精确地把圆规角度落在圆周上，得出的结果是10度。在这个角度上加上十字架二距离南极的27度，再减去观察的时候所在的峭壁上离海面高度的值，就得出一个37度的角来。南极与水平线之间相距90度，从90度里减去53度还剩下37度。因此，赛勒斯?哈顿测量的结论是：林肯岛在南纬37度线上。如果把计算时不精确的程度估计在内，假设误差有五度，那么海岛的位置一定在南纬35度与40度之间。
cyrus harding then took the instrument which he had made the evening before， the space between its two legs giving the angur distance between the star alpha and the horizon. he measured， very exactly， the opening of this angle on a circumference which he divided into 360 equal parts. now， this angle by adding to it the twenty-seven degrees which separated alpha from the antarctic pole， and by reducing to the level of the sea the height of the cliff on which the observation had been made， was found to be fifty- three degrees. these fifty-three degrees being subtracted from ninety degrees--the distance from the pole to the equator--there remained thirty- seven degrees. cyrus harding concluded， therefore， that lincoln isnd was situated on the thirty-seventh degree of the southern titude， or taking into consideration through the imperfection of the performance， an error of five degrees， that it must be situated between the thirty-fifth and the fortieth parallel.
按道理，当影子的长度缩到最短的时候，应该正是中午十二点钟，仔细地看着影子的末端，就可以找出影子在逐渐缩短以后，又开始伸长的一刹那。赛勒斯?哈顿把标杆偏向和太阳相对的方向，就可以使影子长一些，因此它的变化就更加容易看清了。日晷的时针愈长，针点的移动也就愈加容易辨别。标杆的影子也就相当于日晷上的指针。
in fact， the moment when this shadow would reach its minimum of length would be exactly twelve o'clock， and it would be enough to watch the extremity of the shadow， so as to ascertain the instant when， alter having successively diminished， it began to lengthen. by inclining his stick to the side opposite to the sun， cyrus harding made the shadow longer， and consequently its modifications would be more easily ascertained. in fact， the longer the needle of a dial is， the more easily can the movement of its point be followed. the shadow of the stick was nothing but the needle of a dial.
一般的情况下，金属埋藏在地里的时候，质地并不纯粹。它们通常和氧或硫化合在一起。赛勒斯?哈顿上次带回来的两种标本就是这样，一种是没有碳化的磁铁矿，另一种是黄铁矿，也叫做硫化铁。因此，他们必须先用炭使氧化铁还原，也就是除去氧，然后才能得到纯粹的铁。这个还原过程是用炭把矿石烧到温度很高的时候进行的，可以用迅速而简便的土法（它的优点是只通过一道工序，就能把铁矿石炼成铁），也可以用鼓风炉——第一步使铁矿石熔化，然后排除和矿石化合在一起的百分之三至四的炭，使它变成铁。
metals are not generally found in the ground in a pure state. for the most part they are combined with oxygen or sulphur. such was the case with the two specimens which cyrus harding had brought back， one of magnetic iron， not carbonated， the other a pyrite， also called sulphuret of iron. it was， therefore the first， the oxide of iron， which they must reduce with coal， that is to say， get rid of the oxygen， to obtain it in a pure state. this reduction is made by subjecting the ore with coal to a high temperature， either by the rapid and easy catan method， which has the advantage of transforming the ore into iron in a single operation， or by the bst furnace， which first smelts the ore， then changes it into iron， by carrying away the three to four per cent. of coal， which is combined with it.
他们在地上毫不费力地捡到炭和铁矿石。他们先把铁矿石打碎，用手把铁矿石表面一层杂质擦干净，然后就把炭和铁矿石一层夹一层地堆起来，好象木炭工人用木柴烧炭那样。这样，在鼓风机的作用下，炭就变为碳酸，然后又变成氧化碳，在变成氧化碳的过程中就使氧化铁还原，放出了氧气。
工程师就这样进行工作。他事先在窑里造了一根陶土的管子，把它装在海豹皮风箱的一端，然后把风箱装在矿石堆附近，工程师用一个木架、一些植物纤维做的绳子和一个秤锤做成鼓风机，把大量的空气吹到立方体里去，温度提高以后，空气也促进化学变化，到一定的时候就能冶炼出纯铁来。
the coal， as well as the ore， was collected without trouble on the surface of the ground. they first broke the ore into little pieces， and cleansed them with the hand from the impurities which soiled their surface. then coal and ore were arranged in heaps and in successive yers， as the charcoal-burner does with the wood which he wishes to carbonize. in this way， under the influence of the air projected by the blowing-machine， the coal would be transformed into carbonic acid， then into oxide of carbon， its use being to reduce the oxide of iron， that is to say， to rid it of the oxygen.
thus the engineer proceeded. the bellows of sealskin， furnished at its extremity with a nozzle of cy， which had been previously fabricated in the pottery kiln， was established near the heap of ore. using the mechanism which consisted of a frame， cords of fiber and counterpoise， he threw into the mass an abundance of air， which by raising the temperature also concurred with the chemical transformation to produce in time pure iron.
赛勒斯?哈顿打算炼制后面一种，因为他炼得的铁质地很纯。为了进行这项工作，他事先用陶土做了一个坩埚，把铁和炭末一起放在坩埚里加热，结果钢就炼成了。
这种钢不论在冷或热的情况下，都能任人摆布，于是他就用锤子在钢上进行加工。纳布和潘克洛夫在他精明指导下，把钢烧红了，然后突然浸入水中，制得了许多硬度很强的斧头。
it was the st which cyrus harding intended to forge， as he possessed iron in a pure state. he succeeded by heating the metal with powdered coal in a crucible which had previously been manufactured from cy suitable for the purpose.
he then worked this steel， which is malleable both when hot or cold， with the hammer. neb and pencroft， cleverly directed， made hatchets， which， heated red-hot， and plunged suddenly into cold water， acquired an excellent temper.
建桥是目前最迫切的工程。他们砍伐选好的树木，除去杈枝，做成横梁、托架和厚板。这座桥，在感恩河右岸的一头是固定的，而在左岸的一头却是活动的，这样就可以通过平衡力量方式把它吊升起来，正如某些闸桥那样。。
这项工程当然是相当艰巨的，虽然领导有方，还是花了不少的时间，因为慈悲河在这里宽达八十英尺。必须在河床中打下一些桥桩，才能支撑桥板，为了打桩，就必须安装打桩机。桥桩应该形成两个弓架结构，使桥身能够承受重量。
the bridge was the most urgent work. trees were selected， cut down， stripped of their branches， and cut into beams， joists， and pnks. the end of the bridge which rested on the right bank of the mercy was to be firm， but the other end on the left bank was to be movable， so that it might be raised by means of a counterpoise， as some canal bridges are managed.
this was certainly a considerable work， and though it was skillfully conducted， it took some time， for the mercy at this pce was eighty feet wide. it was therefore necessary to fix piles in the bed of the river so as to sustain the floor of the bridge and establish a pile-driver to act on the tops of these piles， which would thus form two arches and allow the bridge to support heavy loads.
很快，塞勒斯.哈顿要动手制造玻璃的一切条件都具备了。最难制造的工具就是吹玻璃的吹管，这是一种五六英尺长的铁管，它的一端用来蘸液体玻璃。潘克洛夫把一条簿薄的铁片卷成枪筒形，也就做成了一根随时可以使用的吹管了。
3月28日，炉子已被烧制灼热。他们在一百分沙粒，三十五分白垩，四十分硫酸钠里掺了两三分煤屑，就构成了那种制玻璃用的物质，混和在一起放在坩埚里。当炉里的高温使原料化为液体的时候，更确切地说变成胶状物时，赛勒斯?哈顿就用吹管蘸了一些，他在预先准备好的一块金属板上滚了滚吹管，做出一个适合于吹的形状来，然后把吹管递给赫伯特，教他吹另外的一端。
the tool， the manufacture of which presented the most difficulty， was the pipe of the gss-maker， an iron tube， five or six feet long， which collects on one end the material in a state of fusion. but by means of a long， thin piece of iron rolled up like the barrel of a gun， pencroft succeeded in making a tube soon ready for use.
on the 28th of march the tube was heated. a hundred parts of sand， thirty-five of chalk， forty of sulphate of soda， mixed with two or three parts of powdered coal， composed the substance， which was pced in crucibles. when the high temperature of the oven had reduced it to a liquid， or rather a pasty state， cyrus harding collected with the tube a quantity of the paste: he turned it about on a metal pte， previously arranged， so as to give it a form suitable for blowing， then he passed the tube to herbert， telling him to blow at the other extremity.
(本章完)
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